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Building makemore Part 4: Becoming a Backprop Ninja

15chapters with key takeaways — read first, then watch
1

Why Manual Backpropagation is Essential

0:00-3:373m 37sIntro
2

Historical Context & Notebook Initialization

3:37-7:584m 21sConcept
3

Expanded Forward Pass for Manual Backprop

7:58-12:074m 9sArchitecture
4

Deriving D_log_probs for Cross-Entropy Loss

12:07-19:066m 59sTraining
5

Gradients for Log and Probabilities

19:06-27:568m 50sTraining
6

Backprop through Sums, Exponents, and Normalization

27:57-36:168m 19sTraining
7

Backprop through Matrix Multiplication Layer

36:16-53:3517m 19sTraining
8

Gradients for Tanh Activation and BN Scale/Shift

53:35-59:396m 4sTraining
9

Backprop through BN Standardization (Part 1)

59:39-1:09:019m 22sTraining
10

Backprop through BN Standardization (Part 2)

1:09:01-1:18:349m 33sTraining
11

Gradients for First Linear Layer and Concatenation

1:18:34-1:21:583m 24sTraining
12

Backprop through Embedding Table Lookup

1:21:58-1:26:274m 29sTraining
13

Efficient Analytical Cross-Entropy Gradient

1:26:27-1:36:3810m 11sTraining
14

Efficient Analytical Batch Norm Gradient Derivation

1:36:38-1:50:0313m 25sTraining
15

Training with Custom Backpropagation

1:50:03-1:55:245m 21sDemo

Video Details & AI Summary

Published Oct 11, 2022
Analyzed Jan 21, 2026

AI Analysis Summary

This video, part of the 'makemore' series, provides an in-depth exploration of manually implementing backpropagation for a neural network. It covers step-by-step derivation of gradients for various operations and layers (log, softmax, linear, tanh, batch normalization, embeddings) and then presents more efficient analytical solutions for cross-entropy loss and batch normalization. The lecture culminates in building a complete training loop using only custom-derived gradients, offering a comprehensive understanding of neural network internals and debugging.

Title Accuracy Score
10/10Excellent
1.1m processing
Model:gemini-2.5-flash